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So, with a very small lens aperture, we would need more time, i.e.

What needs to happen for the sensor to collect the right amount of light? That’s right, the shutter needs to stay open longer. This means that the camera sensor would need more time to collect the light. When lots of light enters the lens (let’s say it is broad daylight with plenty of sunlight), what happens when the lens aperture/hole is very small? Lots of light gets blocked.

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To get the image properly exposed, so that it is not too bright or too dark, Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO need to play together. Then the shutter closes and the light is completely blocked from reaching the camera sensor. The sensor then gathers the light, and your “ISO” brightens the image if necessary (again, making grain and image quality problems more visible). This specified amount of time is called “Shutter Speed” and it can be extremely short (up to 1/8000th of a second) or long (up to 30 seconds). The shutter then opens in a matter of milliseconds, letting the light hit the camera sensor for a specified amount of time. Once the light goes past the lens aperture, it then hits the shutter curtain, which is like a window that is closed at all times, but opens when needed. When the light enters the lens, it passes through various optical elements made of glass, then goes through the lens “Aperture” (a hole inside the lens that can be changed from small to large). If your subject is well-lit, there is plenty of light that travels into the lens, whereas if you are taking a picture in a dim environment, there is not much light that travels into the lens. To have a good understanding about exposure and how shutter speed, aperture and ISO affect it, we need to understand what happens within the camera when a picture is taken.Īs you point your camera at a subject and press the shutter button, the subject gets into your camera lens in a form of light. How Do Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO Work Together to Create an Exposure?ġ) How Do Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO Work Together to Create an Exposure?.Examples of ISO: 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600.Īlso, take a look at this article if you would like to understand what exposure actually means.Īnd if you’re more of a visual learner, we recently published a comprehensive, beginner-friendly video on this exact same topic:

As the ISO rises, so does the visibility of graininess/noise in your images. However, raising your ISO comes at a cost. It is typically measured in numbers, a lower number representing a darker image, while higher numbers mean a brighter image.

ISO – a way to brighten your photos if you can’t use a longer shutter speed or a wider aperture.

In photography, aperture is typically expressed in “f” numbers (also known as “focal ratio”, since the f-number is the ratio of the diameter of the lens aperture to the length of the lens). If the aperture is very small, the depth of field is large, while if the aperture is large, the depth of field is small.

Aperture also controls the depth of field, which is the portion of a scene that appears to be sharp. The larger the hole, the more light passes to the camera sensor.

Aperture – a hole within a lens, through which light travels into the camera body.

Slow shutter speeds allow more light into the camera sensor and are used for low-light and night photography, while fast shutter speeds help to freeze motion. Shutter speeds are typically measured in fractions of a second, when they are under a second.

Shutter Speed – the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor.

Let’s quickly review a summary of the Exposure Triangle as a refresher:

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Knowing how to adjust the settings of the camera when needed, helps to get the best out of your camera and push it to its limits to take great photographs. Thoroughly understanding how ISO, shutter speed and aperture work together allows photographers to fully take charge of the situation by manually controlling the camera. In many cases, the camera has to guess what the right exposure should be by evaluating the amount of light that passes through the lens. While most new DSLRs have “Auto” modes that automatically pick the right shutter speed, aperture and even ISO for your exposure, using an Auto mode puts limits on what you can achieve with your camera. It is difficult to take good pictures without having a solid understanding of ISO, Shutter Speed and Aperture – the Three Kings of Photography, also known as the “ Exposure Triangle“.